The "Culture Shock" video also mentioned some points that I personally experienced when I was younger. I realized that in the U.S., familiarity and closeness are expressed differently. In addition to cultural differences, I think this is due to differences in living styles as well as life styles. In the U.S. there is a lot more open land, and many homes are single homes with a private yard/land. In Korea, there are few single homes in the city and sub-urban areas, and majority of the population resides in apartment complexes. In the U.S., people seem to express more physical affection during a greeting, but respect each others' personal space and "personal bubble." In Korea, people generally show less physical affection (greeting), but there isn't much of a personal bubble due to overcrowded streets and subway stations. When I last visited Korea, it seemed almost normal that people walked or moved while touching other people's shoulders.
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Esther Kwon
SDLAP
105 Learning Journal #2
Based on the amount of Korean I know from growing up in a Korean household, I am most definitely more knowledgeable and familiar with basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) compared to cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP). However, I am currently attempting to improve both since I am working on improving my speaking abilities in casual or formal speech while also attempting to better my grammatical competence since that has always been the main obstacle keeping me from speaking more proficiently. In order to improve my overall communicative competence, I believe I need to improve my understanding of Korea’s “respect” culture towards elders in order to really grasp not only how my speech towards older people should be oriented but also by behavior and actions. Furthermore, I believe I must gain more awareness of my generation’s culture in Korea since there is a difference in speech and language between generations that I need to distinguish.
Although I was raised in a family in which I spoke a mix of Korean and English, I was never properly taught how to speak towards elders. I realized from an early age that there was indeed a clear difference in speech, but my parents did not bother to teach me the significance of the Korean “respect” culture nor did they make me speak or treat them with this attitude. Thus, I grew up talking to my parents in Korean in a very casual manner; the level of formality at which they would be considered friends rather than elders. I realized as I grew older, that some of the things I say to my parents in Korean would be considered extremely rude to any other Korean elder. But even when I tried to speak more formally, I was not sure often times how to structure a sentence into the formal style of speaking since I had almost always used the casual form. Thus, my main focus in SDLAP was to improve my formal speaking abilities by speaking with a language partner. Though I do not have a language partner yet, I have attempted to improve by messaging my parents only in Korean and using an app called Hello Talk which allows me to speak with native Korean speakers. Furthermore, I have gained more insight of Korea’s respect culture by reading about the history of the country and learning how Korean culture integrated Confucianism, the main influencer for the strong age hierarchy.
Another factor I believe I must learn more about in order to have more communicative competence is not only improving my knowledge of the grammatical aspects of the Korean language but also my understanding of my generation’s culture. Like many other countries, Korea consists of differences in language between younger and older generations simply due to evolving culture and the influence of modern global trends, particularly that of Western culture. I have learned many interesting colloquialisms from speaking with a few native Korean speakers around my age through the Hello Talk app and also from watching Korean dramas that consisted of “outdated” slang. For example, a Korean drama I watched recently called “Answer Me 1988” often used the phrase “cap” to describe something as awesome or great since the drama is set in the era of the 1980s. But “cap” in present day Korean society would be laughable since it is considered old-fashioned.
For Weeks 4 and 5, my goal is to learn how to greet others and introduce myself. I’ll achieve this by reading Chapters 1 (Saying Hello) and 2 (Likes and Dislikes) of my Korean Made Simple (KMS) book, which includes listening, writing, and speaking drills. I’d also like to watch at least two of the corresponding Billy Go videos so that I can hear more of the language, instead of just following the book. So far, I’ve learned all of the Hangul consonants and vowels such that I can pronounce new Korean words but I’d like to continue practicing Hangul, especially the sound change rules. I also want to work on distinguishing hard and soft consonants because I’m not sure if I can hear the difference when a Korean speaker is speaking quickly. Along with that, I’m not sure of the difference between the pronunciation of ㅐ(e) and ㅔ(ae), which also makes it hard to know which to write during listening exercises. I think I’ll check out some YouTube videos on these grammar idiosyncrasies or maybe ask a Korean friend. This week I’m supposed to make an artifact of me saying hello and goodbye and introducing myself in Korean. I’ll try my best in pronunciation. In general, I’ll evaluate my performance based on accuracy on the exercises I do in the book. I’ll check my pronunciation by consulting my language partner.
So far my language learning so far has been different from how I have learned languages in the past. In the past when I learned languages, it was in a classroom setting with the teacher or professor helping us along and teaching us the proper way to say words and the grammar behind the language. However, in this language class, it seems as though I am completely on my own without any guidance. What I mean by that is that we do not have a teacher or a professor helping us with the language because we have not been assigned our language partners yet for Korean. Personally, when I’m learning a new language, I need someone who I can go to for guidance and ask certain questions, but since we have not been assigned our language partners, I have been relying on Google and Korean apps for assistance.
My relationship with understanding the target language has not changed since I started learning it, except now when I hear it, I instinctively start to translate in my head the few words that I do know. In this way, I find myself picking up the speed of the language and the way that the language flows, this is also what I observe when I watch Korean dramas. Although sometimes in the dramas some of the ways that words are said can be a bit dramatic and not realistic, i.e. you would not always pout if your boyfriend makes you upset and storm off. A few weeks ago, I celebrated Lunar New Year with my Chinese, which is also a holiday that is celebrated in many Asian cultures including Korea. Through many of my peers presentations on Lunar New Year in Korea, I had the chance to learn more about how Koreans celebrate Lunar New Year, such as the foods that they eat, the games that they play, and the traditions of greeting the elders, etc. This was different in some ways from how the Chinese celebrate, but in some cases, it was also similar.
In addition to my relationship to the Korean culture, I learned a lot more about filial piety and how it is greatly rooted in the Korean culture. Filial piety comes from Confucianism where one should respect their parents and care for them. It is based on obedience, honor, and duty to one’s family even as one gets older and leaves the house. In other words, everything that you do is a reflection of you and your family.
There is much that I need to improve on within learning the Korean language and my communication skills. I learn best through reading and writing, so writing words out over and over again can help me that way I can recognize them so I can use them to communicate with my peers. Also, speaking the language more to native speakers will help out a lot because I can practice more. The more that I speak the language, I think that more that I will become comfortable with it, that way I can get over the fear of messing up when I speak.
My learning goals for this week are to get through chapters 2 and 3 in my Korean from Zero book! I will go about accomplishing the goal by doing a little bit in the workbook each day; around 1 hour a day. I was unable to really come up with a learning activity except teaching the Korean alphabet to someone through flashcards. In my mind that did not seem very fun, but it can be quite effective in the long run.
In all honesty, I do not think that I have made that much progress to date in the Korean class because of not having a language partner to ask specific questions to. The book that I have has been helping with some things, but I think it would be nice to consult a native speaker on certain subjects. I think right now in regards to my learning plan, I would want to just focus on speaking and just basic survival skills if I were to travel to Korea any time soon.
This week my goals are mostly to focus on mastering material I learned from Korean from Zero chapters 7 through 9. As soon as I started chapter 7, a lot of sayings I have heard from Korean people and through dramas and songs started making sense and I was recognizing the meaning. These chapters focused on describing objects, people, saying the locations of objects, and possessions. It isn't hard to understand the general grammar of how to say these phrases but the you learn multiple ways of saying the same thing and then the little particles and changes among different phrases confused me a lot and it was hard to keep them straight. During my exercises I found that I would add in an extra particle or forget a certain word. I think I will turn to online resources such as Mango and perhaps activities online to quiz me. If I can get past chapter 9 this week I want to start on chapter 10 and start learning how to ask for directions.
I learned a lot from the cultural presentations and really enjoyed them. There were a lot of topics presented on Korean culture, and although many of the topics were familiar to me because I grew up in a Korean family, there were still many things I didn't know in terms of Korean history. Although I did know that King SeJong created Hangul, I didn't know much of the history or the reasons behind it until my classmate's presentation. Also, I do keep up with Korean trends regarding skin care and its "pop-culture," but I just know the surface level of these trends. The presentations were very detailed and it was really interesting to find out more about these cultural trends. I personally found the folk tales from Pakistan (Urdu) really interesting because the story lines seemed to have a similar pattern, but it was really fun to hear these stories from different cultures.
- State your learning goals for this week and how you went about accomplishing these goals.
My goal for this week was Goal 2, Task 1: Restaurant dialogue / ordering a meal
- Cultural: Israeli Dinning Etiquette
I have learned / fresh reminder:
- Can I order
- I want to eat..
- I want to drink...
- Bring me the check please
- Can I have an English menu
- I am not allowed...
- I have allergies
- Can you bring me more water
- fork
- spoon
- knife
- Can you bring me another chair
- restaurant
- Can I make a reservation for...
- What are the hours of operation?
- What do you recommend?
- Can I have a kilo of...?
- Do you deliver?
- What type of?
- Can I have it on the side?
- Can I have it without?
- Waiter / Waitress
- Wine
- Beer
- Steak
- Other
- More
(My Mango Account is not working.)
For the cultural aspect, I learned / relearned that:
- official toast: Le'chaim -- To life
- In orthodox homes, men and women may eat in separate rooms or at different times.
- In the Arab community, your left hand is considered unclean. So always eat with your right hand.
- Assume hosts observe Kashrut (eating kosher food). Items such as pork and shellfish, mixing of milk products and meat. (Although, in my experience, this is not always the case.)
I have read another Israeli Cultural "etiquette" article, but I did not agree with many of the points as it did not match my experience at all.
What I have been working on:
I have still been working on religious vocabulary and speaking in full sentences. I know all the seasons and am working on numbers larger than 10. I am also trying to get better at recognizing finger-spelling. If the speaker deliberately slows down, I can catch the word or name, but I can hardly ever catch the word if the speaker is signing at normal speed.
Statement:
I want to be able to speak in full sentences.
Strategies:
Even if I do not understand every word in a sentence, I have become much better at guessing the meaning of a sentence or group of sentences using context clues. I am able to recognize signs that I have learned and I can also guess what some signs mean just by how it is signed or which letter hand-shape is used to sign it.
Effectiveness:
Using context clues is very good for helping me understand others, but it does not help me when it becomes my turn to speak. However, everyone is very accommodating and will show me signs or repeat themselves when I need it.
Building on what I have learned (language):
I have continued to learn more religious vocabulary and have practiced putting full sentences together.
Building on what I have learned (strategies):
I have been trying to find different apps that could help me learn. There is one that a friend told me about that helps you practice finger spelling, which is something I need to work on.
Now that I think about it, I don’t think I’ve ever really experienced culture shock before. I suppose this makes sense given my background: I was born in America to Chinese parents and the only foreign countries I’ve ever travelled to are China and Canada, which isn’t too different from America culturally. Although I am Chinese-American, I grew up in a very traditional Chinese Buddhist household. My parents were both high-school graduates from a small village in Fuzhou, China and when they immigrated to America they kept a lot of Chinese practices. In short, I was fairly immersed in Chinese culture throughout my childhood.
Of course, I’ve noticed subtle differences between my family’s expression of Chinese culture and the culture in China. My family seems to be on point with all the religious aspects. In fact, most people say that my family practices Buddhism more avidly than many Chinese families in China. I think this is mostly because our separation from mainstream Chinese culture and reestablishment in a foreign country gave us a heightened sense of appreciation for Chinese traditions. There was the fear of losing a part of one’s identity in an unfamiliar place. So, in order to preserve our Chinese identity, my family in particular strived to keep up with these traditional practices. So, nothing was really new to me in terms of Buddhist culture in China, except maybe that they have bigger Buddha statues.
As for the social culture in China, I was surprised at the traffic laws...or at least the failure to follow them. Once when I was taking the public bus, we got stuck in an intersection where three lanes quickly turned into five, and cars were constantly honking for about an hour until the police finally arrived. Other times, the drivers are usually very skillful at maneuvering through other cars across solid lines that they get away with it. I suppose the police have their hands full since I was told that almost everyone does this. Another time I was visiting a clinic to get a screening and a skin ointment prescription. I was told that I didn’t need to make an appointment and walk-ins were the norm. So, I got there an hour before the clinic opening and the waiting room was practically full of people. Once the nurse opened the check-in counter, everyone swarmed to the front desk and started talking all at once. I kind of expected this since it was a public clinic, but it was still surprising for my mom and me to see since we were used to the orderly lines in America. Except on Black Friday, but that’s a different situation.
From what I can tell, the healthcare system is a lot more lax in China than in America. One time my little brother got sick while he was in China and had to be taken to a hospital. For some reason, they had run out of rooms but dad and brother walked down the streets unneglected: my brother had an IV needle stuck in his arm while my dad held the IV bag. I wasn't there but I bet it was a funny sight.
The Culture Shock video mentioned some interesting points that I witness from time to time. The point it made about Americans being encouraged to criticize was very accurate. Back in high school, I had a Chinese friend who was very introverted. Both of us took an AP English literature class that involved a lot of discussions and poetic interpretations. She was an extremely bright and skillful writer and that reflected in her work. But, she told me that she struggled with participation and that it was a conscious stress on her mind. I understood her because I also preferred to absorb the material rather than voice my opinions, but both of us knew that we had to change fast if we wanted to get a good grade in the class. For us, this pressure to speak up in class was something we were more aware of than other people, but it got better with practice. I know she had a lot to say, but she just wasn’t comfortable putting her opinions out there for criticism. I can imagine how it might be difficult for international students in college to make that adjustment. In the end, it takes time and deliberate practice.
Another good point from the video is that there’s not enough intimacy in America. In China, there’s an emphasis on relationships even with strangers. People naturally call each other auntie, uncle, brother, or sister even if they aren’t blood-related. It creates a sense of intimacy and lightens the atmosphere. Here, in America, I feel as if people often put up a stronger barrier because there are too much differences to begin with, starting with physical differences. These differences suggest that commonalities might be less likely to be found, and therefore the will to get to know each other decreases. At least, that’s my guess.
Knowing the language’s history can help me with learning the language because I can understand how the language came into existence and how it has progressed over the years to be the system that it is today. It could also help me with understanding why there are certain customs in the culture that the language is used in. For example, the custom of bowing when greeting someone or the hand placement when shaking hands with someone for the first time, I find it interesting. Overall a language’s history can tell us why the language was created, who created, and if the system has changed over time or not.
My learning goals in this week is to speak Korean with following topics:
- Able to ask about identity ( Questions like: how are you/ where are you from/ what is your job/ what is your major/ what do you like, etc/ I will watch Korean lectures online and also learn from Korean dramas)
- Able to answer identity questions (I'm from.../ I'm a .../ I'm good/ My hobbies are ... etc/ For some specific answers or words, I will google and use the online sources to find out)
- Review Korean alphabets (review what I learnt before)
- Try to memorize more Korean words (from watching Korean dramas and Korean lectures from Youtube)
Topic of Culture Project:
My topic of culture project is about Korean traditional wedding. The learning goals for the topic is listed as followings.
- Understand the history of Korean traditional wedding
- Be able to explain their dressings
- Be able to introduce the games people play in traditional wedding ceremony
- Say greetings to a new couple in wedding in Korean
- Compare the traditional wedding with modern weddings in South Korea
History promotes the development of languages. It helps people to understand the origins of a particular language and the culture hides in a particular language. I think knowing a language's history can help us learn the language from three aspects.
First of all, history involves culture that is very important in learning a language. Understanding the cultural development through the history is beneficial to know the way that people talk. For example, the idea of respecting the old is from Confucianism in China and then the idea spread to Korea and Japan. So the idea led to the development of honorifics forms in Korea and Japan. There are a lot of examples showing that history plays a big role in languages and bring reactivities in languages. So knowing a language's history can explain the formation of a language system.
Second, knowing a language's history can help people have more feelings about native speaking. Every language has proverbs or old sayings. For example, in Chinese, if you want to describe two friends who will be separated in different places in the future, people will say There is no never-ending feast. This is an old-saying in Chinese. But if you want to understand why people use this old-saying to describe people, history is the best place to find answers.
Third, knowing some history is beneficial for you to communicate with native speakers. History can be topics for a discussion between you and your friends. Also, it is a good chance for you to ask questions and chat with native speakers.
During the study of Korean language, I’m able to identify Korean vowels, consonants and simple characters from watching lecture videos online, repeating and rewriting them. Also, I learn the basic sentence structures from reading simple short articles from language sources. I study how to pronounce words and make them into whole sentences according to the sentence structure so that I’m able to do brief self-introduction talking about my name, age, job and hobbies. In the previous study of Korean, I found it was difficult for me to pronounce those words in right tones even following with a native speaker. Some characters are really hard to pronounce and the structures of sentences confuse me because it is different from that in English. Although Korean is a systematic language, grammar is a challenge for me, and there are no tricks to study grammar for a language. Summarizing my study of Korean, I think it will become easier if I practice a lot. Also, I notice the grammar actually has some rules to follow. For example, nouns don't change according to cases and there is no auxiliary verb for action or descriptive verbs. Therefore, I believe practice more will make it easier. For speaking, I desire to have a language partner so that she/he can directly point out why my pronunciation sounds weird, which will be better for learning.
Understanding the culture of a language is beneficial for understanding a language since these two are closely related. Language can be described as a verbal expression of culture. Since language helps to express people’s thoughts that are influenced by cultures, culture is hidden in the language. Culture actually refers to the pattern of human activity including art, literature, language and religion. The cultural values showed up through people’s daily life. It is represented by people’s moral values. Differences in cultures lead to the diversity of people in the whole world, which also lead to different languages spoken by people in different parts in the world. So the language can be viewed the representation of a particular group. When people learn a language, they not only learn alphabets, vocabulary and grammar, but also study the values, behaviors and ways of thinking of the particular group of people. People all need to communicate, and that is why languages are so important in the world. But communicate with different people sometimes need different ways of expressions. An inappropriate way of expression might embarrass people or hurt someone’s feelings. The appropriate way of expression can be related to culture such as education, customs, and religion. Therefore, speaking is not hard, language is not hard, but the right way of expression is significant that is related to cultures.
In order to improve my communication competence, I think there are three major factors. Listening to others and understanding what they talk about is the first thing in communication. Second, asking questions can be an efficient way of communication not only express your concerns but also make others understand you more. Third, making sure the words you use in communication is appropriate. Don’t use any wrong words when talking to someone formally and leave a good impression to people.
- Post (a) an evaluation of your First Artifact conversation, and (b) an assessment of how well you met your learning goals for weeks 4 and 5.
- Artifacts are evaluated for accent, cultural appropriateness, and linguistic accuracy.
(A) I thought my First Artifact conversation went well. Omer was nice enough to help me out, and in all it went smooth. I incorporated information that I have learned from my time spent on Goal 1, Task 1: directions / street awareness.
- My accent was good. If one were to listen to Omer's accent vis-a-vis my accent, there would only be a slight difference. My cultural appropriateness was also fine. I used many of my sentences on the streets of Tel Aviv, Ashkelon and Jerusalem. And my linguistic accuracy was appropriate as I used these lines with my learning language partner.
(B) I thought I met my learning goals for weeks 4 and 5.
Goal: I will continue to work on subset 1 of my Task / Goal 1:T o understand how Israelis communicate on the street in everyday life. Task 1: I want to be able to ask for directions and give directions. Subset: I want to be able to use the transportation. Cultural context — How to pay for, and procure, transportation fare
Task 1: I continued with Mango, Chapter 1:
I learned:
- Tomorrow
- famine word for close
- soon
- Are you well (Many different forms for this sentiment)
Chapter 4:
- Hotel
- Service
- Museum/s
- restaurants/s
- city
Sentences
- Do you prefer to walk on foot or to take the bus?
- What bus number do I need to take?
- Bus line
- Keep going
- Keep going straight until that...
- How often does the bus come?
- How far?
- Car (Many words too)
- Streets
- Turn
- Intersection
- Roundabout
- At the end of the street
- Can you repeat that once more please but more slowly?
Lesson 2, Chapter 4:
- Called
- Formal for what is your name
- sir
- Madam
- man
Chapter 2, Lesson 6:
- Spoke
- There is only one way of discussing an action in the present
- soon
- understood
Chapter 2, lesson 8
- Little
- When your answer is a negative, you need to add an extra "no" before the verb.
Since I have been in Israel, I know how to pay for and use the transportation.
This week I will continue to work on adjectives and describing things and the grammar related exercises according to Chapter 6 and 7 in Korean from zero. I'm then going to start on Chapter 8 and work on locations, which will help me transition into my learning goal of asking for directions and questions related to taking public transportation.
The topic I would teach is descriptive verbs. I think these are very important because it is how you describe things, which makes up a lot of conversation, and when I learned it, most things in Korean dramas I had heard before started to make sense in terms of how they constructed the sentence and the meanings. There is the verb stem, which is the unconjugated version and then the basic form, which is the form used to express the meanings. There are general rules but there are also a lot of exceptions. I learned it through the Korean from Zero book and it had a chart of the rules and exceptions, but it was pretty boring to just memorize the chart and it didn't really stick. The workbook exercises helped a bit though. But my activity would stimulate activities I did in class learning grammar and words for other languages. It would involve a small group of people and turning it into a game. First, I would give the people the chart of the rules I learned so they have a general idea. The game is where they will solidify the rules in their minds. The game would entail moving around such as the around the world game where whoever answers the question first gets to progress. Whoever can get around the room first wins. The questions asked would concern how a verb would be conjugated in basic form or how to say a certain sentence in Korean with the basic form verbs. I think this would be a more effective and fun way to learn because I learn better when I'm having fun and I'm completely engaged and there's no room for my mind to wander. The basic verb forms are meant to be memorized and I think an interactive game with lots of repetition is helpful as it was helpful for me to remember my multiplication tables as well as vocabulary words in Spanish class.
- Reflect on how knowing a language's history can help you learn the language
I think the history of a language allows you to look into the past and see how the language developed and evolved over time. It can also help you see how it connects to other languages. For example, I know early in Korean history Chinese characters were used, meaning there was probably Chinese influence in the culture and society. It still relates to the present because some words may be similar to Chinese words such as the Chinese numbering system, numbers 3, 8, and 10 are very similar in sounds. Because I knew the Chinese numbering system before learning Korean so it was very easy for me to learn the Chinese version numbering in Korean and numbers 3, 8, and 10 were particularly easy for me to learn. Thus, being able to establish links to other languages helps make it easier to remember certain words and maybe even grammar patterns. I definitely understood the French grammar system easily because I had 6 years of Spanish before. Otherwise I would have been forever trying to understand the subjunctive and be able to use it. Being a native English speaker also made it easier to guess certain words when I tried to speak Spanish or French. For example if I wanted to say person, I could guess according to the style of the language, just adding an a making it persona or saying person with a french accent. I think learning about recent history of the language can also help with learning idioms and slang phrases. For example, the past Japanese invasion in Korea could have lead to cultural and language influences. But looking more recently Japan may continue to have connections to Korean culture and language particularly with Japanese kawaii culture and Korean aegyo and the way they change word endings to make it sound more cute.