Iran has a very similar culture with Afghanistan and I always was interested in learning about the government of Iran. Therefore I learned this from the articles I read about Iran's political life.
Iran has a been going trough many changes in its government. In last twenty years of the government it went from being a "nominal constitutional monarchy" to a democratic theocracy. There is a president who is elected for a four year term and majles (unicameral legislature) of 270 members elected directly by the people. Suffrage is universal, and the voting age is sixteen. It is the president who selects other positions, the Council of Ministers and Expediency Council, the president is the head of the Council of National Security.
There is a supreme jurisprudent selected by an independent Assembly of Experts—a council of religious judges. Alongside the chief jurisprudent is a twelve-member Council of Guardians, six selected by the chief jurisprudent, and six by the Supreme Judicial Council ratified by the majles. The Council of Guardians rules on the Islamic suitability of both elected officials and the laws they pass.
The judiciary consists of a Supreme Judge and a Supreme Judicial Council. I found very strange that at this modern time Iran still discriminates people by their religion, since there is a law that all members must be Shi'a Muslim jurisprudents. Islamic Shari'a law is used as the main law in the court's decisions. Freedom of the press and assembly are constitutionally guaranteed so long as such activities do not contradict Islamic law.
There are several governmental units: the ostan (province), sharestan (county) and dehestan (township) .
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