Has the writing system changed over time? Is there an alphabet? If yes, how many letters? What do they represent? Are there significant differences between manuscript and print? If there is no alphabet, what is the relationship between oral and written language? How does the system work?
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Korean has the alphabet system that is similar to English called Hangul. It was created by King Sejong the Great. King Sejong is highly praised in Korea and even is featured on Korean currency. Hangul is known as one of the simplest writing systems that exist. There is only one letter per syllable, which makes it an efficient writing system. Prior to the creation of the Hangul, the Korean language was written in Chinese character called Hanja. After the creation of the Hangul, each word is constructed from vowels and consonants. Most of the words do not start with a vowel. It is important to know the syllable for each word too because you write the last consonant on the bottom of the vowel for each consonant of each word. The alphabet contains 14 consonant letters, 6 vowel letters, and 4 vowels. However, there are also double consonants, consonant clusters, and diphthongs.
The Korean writing system is called Hangul. It was created by King Sejong the Great during the Joseon Dynasty. Hangul was created to be a form of writing that was easy for everyone to learn and use. There were 28 letters in total but only 24 are in use today, 14 of those being consonants and 10 being vowels (in Jeju Island there are 25 letters in use, the extra letter being an extra vowel). The consonants and vowels are arranged into blocks that represent one syllable. Hanja, the Chinese form of writing, is still used sometimes, but Hangul is the main writing system in use.
The Korean writing system is interesting. Other Asian languages like Chinese and Japanese have a totally different system where each letter is a word in itself and have their own meanings. Despite the fact that Korea allowed western influence later than Japan and China, its writing system is very similar to European/ American languages. Korean has alphabets just like English and each alphabets don't hold any inherent meaning in themselves. You make up the word with these alphabets and put them together to form the sentence just like English. This writing system was creating by King Se-Jong because he thought the older version of Korean was way too hard to learn for commoners. He wanted to create a more accessible language that everyone in Korea could use. Needless to say, it was successful and he created a very interesting language.
There is an alphabet system in Urdu and it consists of 39 letters. Majority of the letters are similar to the Arabic alphabets. The Persian language is also integrated in the Urdu alphabet system. The biggest difference in the Urdu language in comparison to English is that the Urdu alphabet starts at the right. The manuscript is different than the print in that the letters all connect with each other. There are not spaces between the letters. Each letter in the alphabet must be sounded out in order to form the word. The dots below or above the alphabet must be looked at to determine the alphabets. There are also rules that one learns about the alphabet as one reads more words. For example, a letter might not sound the same way when it is combined with a certain letter, the more familiar someone becomes with reading the words in Urdu, the more naturally, the little rules in Urdu will come.
The Urdu system has changed over time with political tensions. For example, previously, the Urdu alphabet was not this long. However, through invasions, more letters were added. Both Persian and Arabic combined make up the Urdu alphabet. And although Hindi and Urdu are considered to be the same language, there are a few words present in Urdu that are not there in Hindi. The writing system in Hindi is significantly from the Urdu system. Sanskrit is heavily integrated into Hindi whereas in Urdu, it is slightly.
It's not just Sanskrit integration, but the script is entirely different. There is a difference between language--and the different influences on Urdu and Hindi--and script. You've explained Urdu well but not Hindi.
Turkish Language had different alphabets through years. After acknowledging Islam as their religion, Ottoman empire, ancestors of Modern Turkey, used Arabic alphabet for Turkish language which is called ottoman Turkish. Ataturk who is the founder of Modern and secular Turkey, reformed the alphabet and used Latin alphabet instead. So Turkey now uses Latin alphabet and it consists 29 letters. Turkish Language doesn't have 'w,x' You read the language the same way you write and you speak. There is no difference between the manuscript and print.
Korea has an alphabet and it is called Hangul. It was introduced in the Joseon Dynasty by King Sejong in 1443. Korea's writing system used to be based off of Hanja, which is the Korean way of saying Chinese characters. By the late 1990s, Hanja had fallen out of common usage in typical Korean writing. Hangul was created for the poor common people who could not read or write in Hanja. In the past, Hanja was commonly only used by the rich and educated.
The alphabet has 19 consonant and 21 vowel letters. Instead of being written sequentially like Latin letters, Hangul is grouped together into blocks. For example, 한 (han) seems like a single character, but it actually consists of 3 different letters: ㅎ, ㅏ, and ㄴ. These blocks of letters transcribes into syllables. Each block usually consists of 2 to 6 letters, including at least one consonant and one vowel. The combination of these blocks result in a Korean word. There are no significant difference between manuscript and print.
The Korean Language uses a writing system called Hangul, which contains 24 letters and 27 digraphs. There are 14 consonants and 10 vowels that are written horizontally and read from left to right. For many language learners, Korean is one of the easiest Asian languages to learn, because the letters in the Korean alphabet represent their phonology. Once you understand the writing system, reading Hangul is simple.
King Sejong created hangul in the mid fifteenth century, and it was originally seen as an alternative to hanja—Chinese characters that became incorporated into the Korean language. Hangul did not become wide spread until the late 19th and early 20th century. Until that time, it was necessary to read and be fluent in hanja, in order to be a literate Korean speaker.
Hangul is a featural alphabet, which means that each letter of the alphabet is not arbitrary, but instead represents a phoneme. Words are written in morpho-syllabic blocks, and each block contains at least one consonant and one vowel.
There are no significant differences between hangul written in manuscript and print, however, for those who want to study traditional Korean texts from up until the 1990’s, it is important to know how to read hanja, as many scholarly articles were written using that writing system.
The Korean writing system, hangul, is very interesting. Hangul is the Korean alphabet and it was created by King Sejong the Great. King Sejong is highly praised in Korea and even is featured on Korean currency. Hangul is known as one of the most simplest writing systems that exist. There is only one letter per syllable, which makes it an efficient writing system.
The writing system is not changing, but the way some words are said and the structure is constantly in flux. Some words such as "dakdoritang" (a spicy chicken soup) is now called "dakbokumtang". The alphabet contains 14 consonant letters, 6 vowel letters, and 4 vowels. However, there are also double consonants, consonant clusters, and diphthongs. These additional letters are usually doubled up consonants or just an additional line added to the letter that changes the emphasis slightly.
The system works by combining the consonant letters with the vowel letters. Combining the two will give you a letter and combining those letters will provide you with a word.
Bahasa Indonesia has an alphabet. It shares an alphabet with English and has the same amount of letters, but they are pronounced a bit differently. Indonesian is an Austronesian language, and its standardized form is Malay. In Indonesia, about 50 million people speak it as their first language, and about 120 million consider it as their second language. Therefore, Indonesia is linguistically rich, with about 300 native languages spoken throughout the land.
The Latin alphabet was introduced to the mainland when Indonesia was a Dutch colony. As a result, some Dutch words morphed with Malay ones, such as "dah (buy," which derived from the Dutch word "daag," meaning the same thing.
In the 1940s, an independence movement swept across Indonesia and brought with it the standardization of Bahasa Indonesia as the State's official language. Beforehand, Bahasa Indonesia served as a lingua franca. However, residual Dutch influence still had an effect on the language. But, in 1947, the spelling of "oe" was changed to "u" signifying a more independent nation.
Historically, however, the languages that were spoken in the boundaries of what is today Indonesia had been written in Indian alphabets or the Arabic alphabet. Moreover, due to its geographic location, many kingdoms have come into contact with locals as they were sailing to India or China. As a result, it is not unusual to find Arabic words such as "kursi" (transliterated) in the language.
In modern time, the language has been enriched by "loan" words from either local languages or foreign ones. These include Sanskrit, Arabic, Dutch, English, Portuguese, Mandarin and so on.